When do i capitalize senator

Give us your email address to learn more about how we can create high-quality content for you. First Reference Similar to referencing a formal title in AP style , when referring to a member of the U. Bernie Sanders Reps. Trey Gowdy and John Ratcliffe Using these legislative titles upon first reference is not mandatory when following AP Stylebook guidelines, but it is a common practice.

Elizabeth Warren Former state Attorney General Dan Sullivan Dropping the Legislative Title Leaving off the initial legislative title is often appropriate if the individual is well-known. The Illinois senator declined to comment on the matter.

Second Reference If you have already included a legislative title before a name on a first reference, you do not need to include the title again with the second reference. The Indiana representative announced that he will be stepping down.

Quoting Sources The only time you may need to include the legislative title when referring to an individual for a second time is if the title is part of a direct quotation. We first met at a medical congress. Author Recent Posts. Britainy Sorenson. Britainy Sorenson has been freelance writing since in between time spent with her best friend and husband and caring for three active and amazing little boys. When her fingers aren't flying at the keys, she enjoys reading, video games, drawing and learning new crafts.

Latest posts by Britainy Sorenson see all. What Is the Subjunctive Mood? Search for:. A writer on March 4, at am. Amber Morris on March 4, at pm. Amber Reply.

Brittany on March 21, at pm. Amber Morris on March 26, at pm. Fernanda on June 9, at am. Amber Morris on June 16, at am. Aliza Worthington on August 1, at pm. Thank you! Amber Morris on August 4, at pm. Hi, Aliza: When those terms are not used before the name, do not capitalize them. B: Mayhew, David R. N: Paul D. Schumaker and Burdett A. Loomis, eds. B: Schumaker, Paul D. New York: Chatham House, Books, Reference. No entry or article titles makes subsequent citations difficult to lineup otherwise N: Congressional Quarterly Almanac , vol.

N subsequent : Congressional Quarterly Almanac , — B: Congressional Quarterly Almanac , vol. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, N subsequent : Congress and the Nation — , —23, 54a—55a. B: Congress and the Nation — N: Duane Nystrom, ed.

Government Printing Office, B: Nystrom, Duane ed. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress — Washington, DC: U. Government Printing Office, — B: Library of Congress. Digest of Public General Bills and Resolutions. Government Printing Office, — Chapter in Multiauthor Edited Book.

In notes, comma between editor name and 3d ed. In bibliography, period between editor name and 2d ed. No need for page range numbers of a book chapter in notes or bibliography For Notes, do not put in chapter page range.

N: Gary E. Gary Bugh. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishers, N different chapter in same previously cited book : Burdett A. Amending the U. B: Bugh, Gary E. Gary Bugh, 77— B: Gallagher, Michael, and Paul Mitchell. Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, 1— New York: Oxford University, Sharpe, B: Ginsberg, Benjamin.

Thomas Ferguson and Joel Rogers, — Armonk, NY: M. Congressional Committee Hearings and Reports. B: Senate. Committee of the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments. Election of President and Vice President. N subsequent : Senate, Electing the President , Electing the President. Committee of the Judiciary. Congressional Records. Congressional Record Reference permanent edition if possible Use comma before page.

For specific page or page range:. N: Congressional Record , 78th Cong. B: Congressional Record. N: Annals of Congress , 13th Cong. B: Annals of Congress , 13th Cong. For range of years:. N: Annals of Congress , 1st Cong. B: Annals of Congress. Washington, DC, — N: Register of Debates , 18th Cong. B: Register of Debates. N: Congressional Globe , 23d Cong. B: Congressional Globe. N: Congressional Record , 43d Cong. Federalist Papers. George W.

The Federalist. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, Clinton Rossiter New York: Mentor, , B: Rossiter, Clinton, ed. New York: Mentor, Notes with text:. N: Madison made this argument most famously in Federalist Paper , No.

See The Federalist , ed. N: The framers mentioned a few interesting points in this regard. In Federalist Paper , No. Journal Articles. Journal articles, versus magazine articles, are available mainly by subscription and cited by volume and date Include the volume number month or season, and year Use issue number or month or both Must have: year in parentheses For notes, include specific page of references information if necessary, otherwise, provide complete page range of the article; for bibliographic references, provide entire page range.

No author: begin with title Subsequent references, same chapter: Last name, shortened title, page N: James C. Garand and T. B: Garand, James C. Wayne Parent. Presidential Elections, — N: Scott C. B: James, Scott C. N: Kenneth E. B: Sharpe, Kenneth E. N: James W. B: Ceaser, James W. Magazine Articles.

Magazine articles, versus journal articles, are weekly or monthly, available by subscription or newsstand, more accessible general reader Cited by date alone no volume No comma between month and year Date is not in parentheses When in doubt, use journal citation format Specific page number may be used in note No inclusive page numbers needed for bibliography citations since material in magazine may be separated by other material Comma after magazine title in both notes and bibliography.

B: Wildavsky, Ben. B: Epps, Garrett. Author name if available If no author name, use newspaper or corporate author No page numbers Need month day, year Add URL if available Not needed in bibliography.

Subsequent citation in same chapter: author, short title. N: Editorial, Philadelphia Inquirer , July 30, Legal: Constitution. For note citations to U. Do not capitalize second part of hyphenated number if part of a name e. II, sec. Constitution, amend. N: Arizona Constitution, art. IV, sec. Legal: Court Cases. Chicago , Supreme Court Decisions:. N subsequent : Bush v. Lower Federal Court Decisions:. Legal: Legislation, Acts, Bills, Resolutions proposed HJ Res.

N In general, if multiple sources were used, or just the bill text : SJ Res. January 31, For example:. Not capitalized: The senators will vote on an important healthcare bill today. Capitalized: The bill was opposed by Senator Bernie Sanders. For more answers to capitalization questions, see our FAQs or try out our free capitalization tool.

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